Assessment of Physical-Chemical Drinking Water Quality in the
by Logone Valley (chad-cameroon, Sabrina Sorlini, Daniela Palazzini, Joseph M. Sieliechi, Martin B. Ngassoum , 2013
"... sustainability ..."
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sustainability
unknown title
by Renyuan Li Lianbin Zhang
"... ..."
Abstract not found
JPET #223289 1 Title Page
by David C Ellinsworth
"... Arsenic, reactive oxygen, and endothelial dysfunction ..."
Arsenic, reactive oxygen, and endothelial dysfunction
Sewage Pollution in Central India
by Khageshwar Singh Patel, Nohar Singh Dahariya, Suryakant Chakradhari, Pravin Kumar Sahu, Keshaw Prakash Rajhans, Shobhana Ramteke, Lesia Lata, Huber Milosh , 2015
"... Raipur is a fast growing city in central India due to being commercial centre for the steel, cement and forest products of the country. Large quantity (≈300 million lit/day) of untreated sewage waste water is discharged into seven reservoirs located in the city. Sewage carries excessive nu-trients, ..."
Raipur is a fast growing city in central India due to being commercial centre for the steel, cement and forest products of the country. Large quantity (≈300 million lit/day) of untreated sewage waste water is discharged into seven reservoirs located in the city. Sewage carries excessive nu-trients, heavy metals, organics, bacteria, yeast and fungi by leaking contents into the drinking wa-ter which cause acute health problems, ranging from common diarrhoea to deadly diseases such as hepatitis, cholera, typhoid fever, etc. Therefore, in this work, the microbial and chemical con-tamination of sewage waste of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India is described.
Title Page Arsenic, reactive oxygen, and endothelial dysfunction 2 Running Title Page Running title: arsenic and endothelial dysfunction
by David C Ellinsworth
"... , +44 Number of text pages: 24 Number Abstract Human exposure to drinking water contaminated with arsenic is a serious global health concern, and predisposes to cardiovascular disease states such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and microvascular disease. The most sensitive target of arsenic toxic ..."
, +44 Number of text pages: 24 Number Abstract Human exposure to drinking water contaminated with arsenic is a serious global health concern, and predisposes to cardiovascular disease states such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and microvascular disease. The most sensitive target of arsenic toxicity in the vasculature is the endothelium, and incubation of these cells with low concentrations of arsenite, a naturally occurring and highly toxic inorganic form of arsenic, rapidly induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation via activation of a specific NADPH oxidase (Nox2). Arsenite also induces ROS accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells, but this is relatively delayed because depending on the vessel from which they originate these cells often lack Nox2 and/or its essential regulatory cytosolic subunits. The net effect of such activity is attenuation of endothelium-dependent conduit artery dilation via superoxide anion-mediated scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) and inhibition and downregulation of endothelial NO synthase; events that are temporally matched to the accumulation of oxidants across the vessel wall. By contrast, ROS induced by the more toxic organic trivalent arsenic metabolites (monomethylarsonous and dimethylarsinous acids) may originate from sources other than Nox2. As such, the mechanisms through which vascular oxidative stress develops in vivo under continuous exposure to all three of these potent arsenicals is unknown. This review is a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms that mediate arsenic effects associated with Nox2 activation, ROS activity and endothelial dysfunction, and also considers future avenues of research into what is a relatively poorly understood topic with major implications for human health.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Isiala Nvosi Community in Abia State, Nigeria
by Chindo Nwankwo , Abubakar Mohammed , Uleanya Benson
"... Abstract-Most private groundwater sources such as boreholes in Nigeria are not monitored by the regulatory body. The need for safety of drinking water supplies especially when the supply is from private groundwater sources cannot be overemphasized because of the potential contamination risks associ ..."
Abstract-Most private groundwater sources such as boreholes in Nigeria are not monitored by the regulatory body. The need for safety of drinking water supplies especially when the supply is from private groundwater sources cannot be overemphasized because of the potential contamination risks associated with underground water supplies. Water samples collected from a total of eight boreholes and four springs were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics and the interactions between these factors were examined to determine its effect on the water quality of various water supplies in Nvosi community. Results indicate that the boreholes and springs investigated are safe for direct consumption without any form of treatment when compared to World Health Organization and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (Nigeria) standards.
Assessment of Arsenic Contamination in Deep Groundwater Resources of the Kathmandu Valley
by S M Rijal , K Pokhrel , M R
"... ..."
Abstract not found
Classification and quality of groundwater supplies in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi - Part 2: Classification of borehole water supplies in Chikhwawa, Malawi
by A M Grimason , T K Beattie , T D Morse , S J Masangwi , G C Jabu , S C Taulo , K K Lungu
"... Abstract This paper compares data gathered from a study of the chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking-water from 28 rural borehole supplies in Chikhwawa, Malawi, with a tiered classification scheme (Class 0 being ideal through to Class III being unsuitable for drinking without prior treat ..."
Abstract This paper compares data gathered from a study of the chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking-water from 28 rural borehole supplies in Chikhwawa, Malawi, with a tiered classification scheme (Class 0 being ideal through to Class III being unsuitable for drinking without prior treatment) developed by investigators from the Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. In general, the majority of borehole water supplies were classified as Class 0 or Class I supplies based upon the chemical analysis and bacteriological examination. However the classification of a borehole water supply was variable and depended upon the parameter, date of sampling and whether or not it was based on the mean or individual concentration. A number of boreholes were classified as II or III as they contained elevated levels of fluoride and nitrate suggesting that consumption over short or prolonged periods of time may lead to adverse or serious health effects, such as skeletal fluorosis in adults and methaemoglobinaemia in infants. Research is required to develop practicable, affordable and sustainable methods to enable villagers to treat Class II/III water supplies and improve the quality of their drinking-water to a class suitable for human consumption.
Classification and Health Risk Assess-ment for Borehole Water Contaminated by Metals in Selected Households in Southwest Nigeria
by A Adeniyi , K Yusuf , O Okedeyi , M Sowemimo
"... Abstract Samples of borehole water were randomly collected from twenty households in the Lagos-Ogun axis of southwestern Nigeria. The samples were analyzed for silver, iron, manganese, lead, nickel, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, sodium, potassium, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivit ..."
Abstract Samples of borehole water were randomly collected from twenty households in the Lagos-Ogun axis of southwestern Nigeria. The samples were analyzed for silver, iron, manganese, lead, nickel, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, sodium, potassium, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, nitrate and sulphate following standard methods of water analysis. Results obtained were compared with global background values and WHO guidelines for drinking water. The pH values ranged from 4.17 ± 0.26 to 6.07 ± 0.27 while the metal pollution indexes are between 0.01 and 0.11. Cadmium, manganese, iron and nitrate (mg/L) levels were found to be relatively high in most of the water samples. Results obtained were analyzed statistically. Health risk assessment for exposure to cancer and non-cancer indices was evaluated. Kempster and co-workers classification of drinking water quality was applied; nineteen of the twenty household water samples were found to fall short of the ideal water quality suitable for lifetime use.
Copyright © 2013 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Impact of Water-Vending Kiosks and Hygiene Education on Household Drinking Water Quality in Rural Ghana
by Melissa C. Opryszko, Yayi Guo, Luke Macdonald, Laura Macdonald, Samara Kiihl, Kellogg J. Schwab
"... Abstract. Innovative solutions are essential to improving global access to potable water for nearly 1 billion people. This study presents an independent investigation of one alternative by examining for-profit water-vending kiosks, WaterHealth Centers (WHCs), in rural Ghana to determine their associ ..."
Abstract. Innovative solutions are essential to improving global access to potable water for nearly 1 billion people. This study presents an independent investigation of one alternative by examining for-profit water-vending kiosks, WaterHealth Centers (WHCs), in rural Ghana to determine their association with household drinking water quality. WHCs ’ design includes surface water treatment using filtration and ultraviolet light disinfection along with community-based hygiene education. Analyses of water samples for Escherichia coli and household surveys from 49 households across five villages collected one time per year for 3 years indicate that households using WHCs had improved water quality compared with households using untreated surface water (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.07, 95 % confidence interval = 0.02, 0.21). However, only 38 % of households used WHCs by the third year, and 60 % of those households had E. coli in their water. Recontamination during water transport and storage is an obstacle to maintaining WHC-vended water quality.
FAQs
What are the international standards for quality of drinking water? ›
The pH level of the water sources should be between 6.5 and 8.5 on a scale ranging from 0 to 14. The best pH for drinking water sits at a 7 right in the middle.
WHO recommended drinking water? ›The World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline for Drinking-water Quality (GDWQ) include the following recommended limits on naturally occurring constituents that may have direct adverse health impact: Arsenic 10 μg/L. Barium 10 μg/L.
WHO report on drinking water? ›Microbiologically contaminated drinking water can transmit diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid and polio and is estimated to cause 485 000 diarrhoeal deaths each year.
What are the main water quality parameters? ›Parameters that are frequently sampled or monitored for water quality include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, ORP, and turbidity. However water monitoring may also include measuring total algae, ISEs (ammonia, nitrate, chloride), or laboratory parameters such as BOD, titration, or TOC.
What's the pH of drinking water? ›EPA guidelines state that the pH of tap water should be between 6.5 and 8.5. Still, tap water in the U.S. tends to fall below that -- in the 4.3 to 5.3 range -- depending on where you live.
What is water pH value? ›pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.
What is the safest drinking water? ›What Is The Healthiest Water To Drink? When sourced and stored safely, spring water is typically the healthiest option. When spring water is tested, and minimally processed, it offers the rich mineral profile that our bodies desperately crave.
What is water quality index? ›Water quality index (WQI) provides a single number that expresses the overall water quality, at a certain location and time, based on several water quality parameters. The objective of WQI is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and usable by the public.
What are water standards? ›A water quality standard defines the water quality goals of a water body, or portion thereof, by designating the use or uses to be made of the water and by setting criteria that protect the designated uses. From: Environmental and Pollution Science (Third Edition), 2019.
What are water standards? ›A water quality standard defines the water quality goals of a water body, or portion thereof, by designating the use or uses to be made of the water and by setting criteria that protect the designated uses. From: Environmental and Pollution Science (Third Edition), 2019.
What is Bangladesh standard for drinking water quality? ›
Manganese concentrations varied from 0.1 to 5.5 mg/L with a median value of 0.2 mg/L. The median iron concentrations in water exceeded WHO standards (0.3 mg/L) at most of the sample sites and exceeded Bangladesh standards (1.0 mg/L) at a few sample sites. Salinity was relatively higher in coastal districts.
What is the quality of drinking water in Pakistan? ›Pakistan ranks at number 80 among 122 nations regarding drinking water quality. Drinking water sources, both surface and groundwater are contaminated with coliforms, toxic metals and pesticides throughout the country. Various drinking water quality parameters set by WHO are frequently violated.
What is water quality index? ›Water quality index (WQI) provides a single number that expresses the overall water quality, at a certain location and time, based on several water quality parameters. The objective of WQI is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and usable by the public.